Explanation: This question refers to a diagram which is not provided. Based on the answer key, option (3) describes the typical arrangement in a dorsiventral leaf from top to bottom (Adaxial epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, Spongy mesophyll, Abaxial epidermis). However, the provided answer key states (3) which maps to “Abaxial epidermis, Palisade mesophyll, Spongy mesophyll, Adaxial epidermis” which is an unusual order. Assuming the question’s options are ordered A, B, C, D from top to bottom in the diagram, and the correct answer is (3) from the PDF, there might be a discrepancy or a specific diagram context missing. For the purpose of this quiz, we follow the provided answer key. *Note: This question relies on an external image not provided.*
29. The following figure represent the stomatal apparatus which shows : –
Dumb – bell shaped guard cell and found in grasses
Bean shaped guard cell and found in grasses
Dumb – bell shaped guard cell and found in dicots
Bean shaped guard cell and found in dicots
Correct Answer: (4) Bean shaped guard cell and found in dicots
Explanation: This question refers to a figure which is not provided. Assuming the figure shows bean-shaped guard cells, these are characteristic of dicots. Dumbbell-shaped guard cells are found in grasses (monocots). *Note: This question relies on an external image not provided.*
30. Arrange the following cell layers in outer to inner side: (a) Hypodermis (b) Pericycle (c) Endodermis (d) Epidermis (e) Pith
(e), (b), (c), (a), (d)
(e), (c), (b), (a), (d)
(d), (a), (b), (c), (e)
(d), (a), (c), (b), (e)
Correct Answer: (4) (d), (a), (c), (b), (e)
Explanation: The correct order from outer to inner is: Epidermis (d), Hypodermis (a), Endodermis (c), Pericycle (b), Pith (e).
Exercise II: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
1. The meristem that occurs in the mature regions of roots and shoots of many plants, particularly those that produce woody axis and appear later than primary meristem is called the _____ meristem:
Apical
Secondary
Intercalary
Primary
Correct Answer: (2) Secondary
Explanation: Secondary meristems (lateral meristems) appear later and are responsible for secondary growth in mature regions.
2. Select the wrong statement about parenchyma :
It forms the major component within organs
The cells of the parenchyma are generally non – isodiametric
Its cell wall is thin and made up of cellulose
The parenchyma performs various functions like photosynthesis, storage and secretion
Correct Answer: (2) The cells of the parenchyma are generally non – isodiametric
Explanation: Parenchyma cells are generally isodiametric (equal in diameter in all directions).
3. Select the wrong statement about the collenchyma:
The collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in dicotyledonous stem
They are always found as continuous homogenous layers
These can assimilate food when they contain chloroplasts
Intercellular spaces are generally absent
Correct Answer: (2) They are always found as continuous homogenous layers
Explanation: Collenchyma can be found in patches or layers, not always as continuous homogenous layers.
4. Read the following statements and choose the set of correct statements : – (a) Internal structures also show adaptations to diverse environments. (b) During the formation of primary plant body, specific regions of the apical meristem produce dermal tissues, ground tissue and vascular tissues. (c) The first formed primary xylem element is called metaxylem and the later formed primary xylem is called protoxylem. (d) All tissues except epidermis and vascular bundles constitute the ground tissue. (e) Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve tubes. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a) and (c) only
(c), (d) and (e) only
(a), (b) and (d) only
(c), (d) and (e) only
Correct Answer: (3) (a), (b) and (d) only
Explanation:
(a) Correct: Internal structures adapt to environments.
(b) Correct: Apical meristem produces primary tissues.
(c) Incorrect: Protoxylem is first formed, metaxylem is later formed.
(d) Correct: Ground tissue is everything except epidermis and vascular bundles.
(e) Incorrect: Gymnosperms have albuminous cells and sieve cells, not sieve tubes.
Therefore, (a), (b), and (d) are correct.
5. Read the following statement and choose the set of correct statements : – (a) Monocotyledonous roots do not undergo any secondary growth. (b) In dicot root innermost layer of cortex is called pericycle. (c) In monocot stem cells of endodermis are rich in starch grains and the layer is also referred to as starch sheath. (d) In grasses certain abaxial epidermal cells along the vein modify themselves into large, empty colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. (e) In dorsiventral leaf mesophyll tissue differentiate into palisade and spongy parenchyma. Choose the correct answer from the options given below.
(a), (d) and (e) only
(a), (b) and (d) only
(a), (c), (d) and (e) only
(a) and (e) only
Correct Answer: (4) (a) and (e) only
Explanation:
(a) Correct: Monocot roots generally lack secondary growth.
(b) Incorrect: In dicot root, the innermost layer of cortex is endodermis, not pericycle. Pericycle is inside the endodermis.
(c) Incorrect: In monocot stem, the endodermis is not typically referred to as starch sheath; this is characteristic of dicot stems.
(d) Incorrect: Bulliform cells are adaxial (upper) epidermal cells, not abaxial (lower).
(e) Correct: Mesophyll in dorsiventral leaves differentiates into palisade and spongy parenchyma.
Therefore, (a) and (e) are correct.
6. Given below are two statements : one is labelled as Assertion(A) and the other is labbelled as Reason (R). Assertion : Collenchyma, sclerenchyma and xylem provides mechanical support to the plant parts. Reason : Their cell wall is thick and lignified.
Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: (2) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is correct: Collenchyma, sclerenchyma, and xylem do provide mechanical support. Reason (R) is incorrect: While sclerenchyma and xylem have thick, often lignified walls, collenchyma walls are thickened with cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, but not typically lignified.
7. Given below are two statements: Statement – I : In grasses, certain adaxial epidermal cells along with the veins modify themselves into large empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. Statement – II : All tissues on the outerside of endodermis such as pericycle, vascular bundles and pith constitute the stele. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Both Statement – I and II are correct.
Both Statement – I and I I are incorrect.
Statement – I is correct but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – I is incorrect but Statement – II is correct.
Correct Answer: (3) Statement – I is correct but Statement – II is incorrect.
Explanation: Statement I is correct: Bulliform cells are indeed adaxial epidermal cells in grasses. Statement II is incorrect: Stele constitutes all tissues *inside* the endodermis (pericycle, vascular bundles, pith), not outside.
8. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : The companion cells help in maintaining pressure gradient in sieve tubes. Reason (R) : The sieve tube elements and companion cells are connected by pit fields present between their common longitudinal walls. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Both (A) & (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: (1) Both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements. Companion cells do help maintain pressure gradients, and they are connected to sieve tube elements by pit fields. However, the connection by pit fields (R) explains *how* they are associated, but not directly *why* they maintain the pressure gradient (A). The pressure gradient maintenance is due to the metabolic activity of companion cells loading/unloading sugars, which is facilitated by the connections.
9. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : In dicot stems, vascular bundles are said to be open. Reason (R) : In dicot stems cambium is present between phloem and xylem. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Both (A) & (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: (4) Both (A) & (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Explanation: Assertion (A) is correct: Dicot stems have open vascular bundles. Reason (R) is correct: The presence of cambium between xylem and phloem allows for secondary growth, which is why they are called “open” vascular bundles. Thus, (R) correctly explains (A).
10. Identify the correct set of statements : (a) Both apical meristems and intercalary meristems are primary meristems because they appear early in life of a plant and contribute to the formation of the primary plant body. (b) Parenchyma consists of cells which are much thickened at the corners due to a deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. (c) The sclerenchyma performs various functions like photosynthesis, storage, secretion. (d) The sclerenchymatous fibres are thick walled, elongated and pointed cells, generally occurring in group, in various parts of the plant. (e) Tracheids are living cells with protoplasm. Choose the correct answer from options given below :
(a), (b) and (d) only
(a) and (d) only
(b), (c) and (e) only
(b), (c) and (d) only
Correct Answer: (2) (a) and (d) only
Explanation:
(a) Correct: Apical and intercalary meristems are primary meristems.
(b) Incorrect: Cells thickened at corners with cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin are collenchyma, not parenchyma.
(c) Incorrect: Sclerenchyma primarily provides mechanical support; parenchyma performs photosynthesis, storage, secretion.
(d) Correct: Sclerenchymatous fibres are thick-walled, elongated, pointed, and occur in groups.
(e) Incorrect: Tracheids are dead cells at maturity, lacking protoplasm.
Therefore, (a) and (d) are correct.
11. Identify the correct set of statements : (a) Phloem in angiosperms is composed of sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma and phloem fibres. (b) Phloem parenchyma is made up of elongated, tapering cylindrical cells which have dense cytoplasm and nucleus. (c) Phloem fibres are generally absent in secondary phloem but present in primary phloem. (d) Xylem fibres of jute, flax and hemp are used commercially. (e) The stomatal pore, guard cells and the surrounding subsidiary cells are together called stomatal aperture. Choose the correct answer from options given below :
(a) and (b) only
(c), (d) and (e) only
(a), (b), (c) and (d) only
(a), (b) and (c) only
Correct Answer: (1) (a) and (b) only
Explanation:
(a) Correct: Phloem components are sieve tube elements, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres.
(b) Correct: Phloem parenchyma cells are elongated, tapering, with dense cytoplasm and nucleus.
(c) Incorrect: Phloem fibres are generally absent in primary phloem but present in secondary phloem.
(d) Incorrect: Jute, flax, and hemp fibres are phloem fibres (bast fibres), not xylem fibres.
(e) Incorrect: The stomatal pore, guard cells, and subsidiary cells together form the stomatal *apparatus*, not stomatal aperture (which is just the opening).
Therefore, (a) and (b) are correct.
12. Identify the correct set of statements : (a) The tangential as well as radial walls of the endodermal cells have a deposition of water impermeable, waxy material lignin in the form of casparian strip. (b) In dicotyledonous roots there are usually two to four xylem and phloem patches. (c) In monocot stem the cells of the endodermis are rich in starch grains and the layer is also referred to as the starch sheath. (d) In dicot leaves, certain adaxial epidermal cells along the veins modify themselves into large, empty, colourless cells. These are called bulliform cells. (e) The activity of cambium is under control of many physiological and environmental factors. Choose the correct answer from options given below :
(a) only
(b) and (e) only
(a), (b) and (e) only
(a), (c) and (d) only
Correct Answer: (2) (b) and (e) only
Explanation:
(a) Incorrect: Casparian strips have suberin, not lignin.
(b) Correct: Dicot roots typically have 2-4 xylem and phloem patches (diarch to tetrarch).
(c) Incorrect: Starch sheath (endodermis rich in starch) is characteristic of dicot stems, not monocot stems.
(d) Incorrect: Bulliform cells are found in grasses (monocots), not dicot leaves.
(e) Correct: Cambial activity is influenced by physiological and environmental factors.
Therefore, (b) and (e) are correct.
13. In dicot roots, initiation of lateral roots and cambium during the secondary growth takes place by _____ cells.
Parenchyma
Pericycle
Endodermis
Epidermis
Correct Answer: (2) Pericycle
Explanation: Lateral roots and the vascular cambium in dicot roots originate from the pericycle.
14. The parenchymatous cells which lie between the xylem and the phloem in root are called :
Conjuctive tissue
Stele
Pith
Medullary rays
Correct Answer: (1) Conjuctive tissue
Explanation: The parenchymatous cells between xylem and phloem in roots are called conjunctive tissue.
15. Which one of the following is not a part of stele ?
Pith
Vascular bundle
Endodermis
Pericycle
Correct Answer: (3) Endodermis
Explanation: The stele includes the pericycle, vascular bundles, and pith. The endodermis is the boundary layer *around* the stele, but not part of it.
16. Given below are two statements: Statement – I : During the formation of leaves and elongation of stems, some cells left behind from shoot apical meristem, constitute the axillary bud. Statement – II : Fascicular vascular cambium, inter fascicular cambium and cork cambium are examples of lateral meristems. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Both Statement – I and Statement – II are correct.
Both Statement – I and statement – II are incorrect.
Statement – I is correct but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – I is incorrect but Statement – II is correct.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Statement – I and Statement – II are correct.
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Axillary buds are indeed formed from cells left behind by the shoot apical meristem, and fascicular, interfascicular, and cork cambia are all types of lateral meristems.
17. Given below are two statements: Statement – I : Collenchyma occurs in layers below the epidermis in most of the monocotyledonous plants. Statement – II : Sclereids are found in the fruit walls of nuts, pulp of fruits like guava, pear and sapota, seed coats of legumes and leaves of tea. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Both Statement – I and Statement – II are correct.
Both Statement – I and Statement – II are incorrect.
Statement – I is correct but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – I is incorrect but Statement – II is correct.
Correct Answer: (4) Statement – I is incorrect but Statement – II is correct.
Explanation: Statement I is incorrect: Collenchyma is generally absent in monocots. Statement II is correct: Sclereids are indeed found in the mentioned locations, providing hardness.
18. Given below are two statements: Statement – I : In roots the arrangement of primary xylem is endarch and in stem it is exarch. Statement – II : A mature sieve element possesses a peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole and a nucleus. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Both Statement – I and Statement – II are correct.
Both Statement – I and Statement – II are incorrect.
Statement – I is correct but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – I is incorrect but Statement – II is correct.
Correct Answer: (2) Both Statement – I and Statement – II are incorrect.
Explanation: Statement I is incorrect: In roots, primary xylem is exarch (protoxylem towards periphery), and in stems, it is endarch (protoxylem towards center). Statement II is incorrect: A mature sieve element possesses peripheral cytoplasm and a large vacuole, but it *lacks* a nucleus.
19. Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A) and the other is labelled as Reason (R). Assertion (A) : In roots the arrangement of primary xylem is exarch. Reason (R) : In roots, the protoxylem lies towards the centre (pith) and the metaxylem lies towards the primary of the organ. In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below :
Both (A) & (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
(A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
(A) is not correct but (R) is correct.
Both (A) & (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Correct Answer: (2) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
Explanation: Assertion (A) is correct: In roots, the primary xylem arrangement is exarch. Reason (R) is incorrect: In exarch condition (roots), the protoxylem lies towards the periphery, and metaxylem lies towards the center (pith), which is the opposite of what R states.
20. Figures X and Y represent the transverse section of _____ and _____ respectively.
Dicot root, Dicot stem
Monocot root, Monocot stem
Dicot stem, Monocot stem
Monocot stem, Dicot stem
Correct Answer: (3) Dicot stem, Monocot stem
Explanation: This question refers to figures X and Y which are not provided. Based on the answer key, option (3) suggests that X is a Dicot stem and Y is a Monocot stem. This implies the figures would show characteristic features like scattered vascular bundles in monocot stem and ring arrangement in dicot stem. *Note: This question relies on external images not provided.*
21. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true? (a) Ground tissue system is fundamental tissue system. (b) Root hairs are unicellular. (c) The trichomes help in preventing water loss.
Only a
Only a & b
Only b & c
All a, b & c
Correct Answer: (4) All a, b & c
Explanation: All three statements are true. The ground tissue system is fundamental, root hairs are unicellular extensions, and trichomes help reduce water loss (transpiration).
22. Statement – I : The root hairs are unicellular elongation of the epidermal cells. Statement – II : The epidermal hairs of stem are called trichomes, which are usually multicellular.
Both Statement – I & II are correct.
Statement – I is correct & Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – I is incorrect & Statement – II is correct.
Both Statement – I & II is incorrect.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Statement – I & II are correct.
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Root hairs are unicellular epidermal elongations, and stem hairs (trichomes) can be multicellular.
23. Assertion : Tracheid and vessel elements are found in xylem tissue. Reason : Tracheids are responsible for only lateral conduction of water, while vessel elements primarily conduct water longitudinally. Options:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Correct Answer: (3) Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Explanation: Assertion is true: Tracheids and vessel elements are indeed found in xylem. Reason is false: Both tracheids and vessel elements are primarily involved in longitudinal water conduction. Tracheids also contribute to lateral conduction, but it’s not their *only* function, and vessel elements are also for longitudinal transport.
24. Statement I: The pith in dicot stems is a region of parenchyma cells located in the center of the stem, primarily involved in storage. Statement II: Pith cells in dicot stems are lignified and provide structural support to the stem, especially during secondary growth. Options:
Both statements I & II are correct, and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.
Both statements I & II are correct, but statement II is NOT the correct explanation of statement I.
Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
Statement II is correct, but statement I is incorrect.
Correct Answer: (3) Statement I is correct, but statement II is incorrect.
Explanation: Statement I is correct: Pith in dicot stems is parenchymatous and involved in storage. Statement II is incorrect: Pith cells are typically parenchymatous, meaning they have thin, unlignified walls. Lignification is characteristic of sclerenchyma or mature xylem, not typical pith parenchyma.
25. Consider the following statements: A. In a dicot root, the vascular bundles are collateral and endarch. B. The inner most layer of cortex is endodermis in a dicot root. C. In a dicot root, the phloem masses are separated from the xylem by parenchymatous cells that are known as the conjunctive tissue. Of these statements given above
(A) is true but (B) and (C) are false
(B) is true but (A) and (C) are false
(B) and (C) are true but (A) is false
(A) and (C) are true but (B) is false
Correct Answer: (3) (B) and (C) are true but (A) is false
Explanation:
A. False: In dicot roots, vascular bundles are radial (xylem and phloem arranged alternately), not collateral, and xylem is exarch, not endarch.
B. True: The innermost layer of the cortex in a dicot root is the endodermis.
C. True: The parenchymatous cells separating xylem and phloem in a dicot root are called conjunctive tissue.
Therefore, (B) and (C) are true, but (A) is false.
26. Assertion : Ground tissue system is the fundamental tissue system of plant body. Reason : Majority of the plant body consists of ground tissue system. Options:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. The ground tissue system is considered fundamental because it makes up the bulk of the plant body, performing various functions like storage, photosynthesis, and support.
27. Assertion: The primary function of root hairs is to increase the surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Reason: Root hairs are extensions of epidermal cells and lack a cuticle layer.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. Root hairs increase surface area for absorption, and their lack of a cuticle (as epidermal extensions) facilitates this absorption.
28. Statement – I: Collenchymatous cells provide mechanical support to young plant organs due to their thickened primary cell wall. Statement – II: Sclerenchyma cells are living cells that undergo secondary thickening and provide additional structural support to the mature plant. Options:
Both Statement – I and II are correct.
Statement – I is correct, but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – II is correct, but Statement – I is incorrect.
Both Statement – I and II are incorrect.
Correct Answer: (4) Both Statement – I and II are incorrect.
Explanation: Statement I is correct: Collenchyma provides mechanical support to young organs due to thickened primary walls. Statement II is incorrect: Sclerenchyma cells are typically dead at maturity and lack protoplasm, though they do provide structural support due to secondary thickening.
29. Statement – I: The casparian strip, composed of suberin, is present in the endodermis of plant roots and acts as a barrier to the passive flow of water and solutes into the vascular system. Statement – II: The pericycle is a layer of cells located between the endodermis and the vascular tissue, responsible for the initiation of lateral root formation. Options:
Both Statement – I and II are correct.
Statement – I is correct, but Statement – II is incorrect.
Statement – II is correct, but Statement – I is incorrect.
Both Statement – I and II are incorrect.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Statement – I and II are correct.
Explanation: Both statements are correct. Casparian strips (suberin) in the endodermis regulate water movement, and the pericycle initiates lateral roots.
30. Assertion: Xylem is conducting as well as mechanical tissue. Reason: Xylem helps in transportation of water, minerals and show deposition of lignin on wall of their constituents. Options:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. Xylem conducts water and minerals, and the lignified walls of its components provide mechanical support.
31. Assertion: Parenchyma cells are versatile and perform various functions in plant tissues. Reason: Parenchyma cells have thin cell walls and large central vacuoles, making them suitable for storage, photosynthesis, and secretion. Options:
Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is not the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
Assertion is false, but the Reason is true.
Correct Answer: (1) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation of the Assertion.
Explanation: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason correctly explains the Assertion. The structural characteristics of parenchyma cells (thin walls, large vacuole) enable their diverse functions like storage, photosynthesis, and secretion.