Structural Organisation in Animals Quiz
1. The simple ciliated columnar epithelium in human occurs in
Correct Answer: (1) bronchioles and fallopian tubes
Explanation: Ciliated epithelium is found in passages where it helps to move substances in a particular direction. Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is specifically found in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes, where the cilia help move mucus and eggs, respectively.
Explanation: Ciliated epithelium is found in passages where it helps to move substances in a particular direction. Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is specifically found in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tubes, where the cilia help move mucus and eggs, respectively.
2. Which of the following type of cell junctions are found in animal tissues? (a) adhering junctions (b) tight junctions (c) gap junctions (d) plasmodesmata
Correct Answer: (2) a , b and c
Explanation: Animal tissues have various types of cell junctions. Adhering junctions (like desmosomes) provide cementing to keep neighboring cells together. Tight junctions help stop substances from leaking across a tissue. Gap junctions facilitate communication between cells by connecting their cytoplasm for rapid transfer of ions and small molecules. Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells, not animal tissues.
Explanation: Animal tissues have various types of cell junctions. Adhering junctions (like desmosomes) provide cementing to keep neighboring cells together. Tight junctions help stop substances from leaking across a tissue. Gap junctions facilitate communication between cells by connecting their cytoplasm for rapid transfer of ions and small molecules. Plasmodesmata are found in plant cells, not animal tissues.
3. Compound epithelium is found in
Correct Answer: (2) oesophagus
Explanation: Compound epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells and primarily functions to provide protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. It covers the moist surface of the buccal cavity, pharynx, and oesophagus, as well as the dry surface of the skin. Simple epithelium (single layer) is found in the stomach, intestine, and gall bladder, where absorption and secretion are primary functions.
Explanation: Compound epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells and primarily functions to provide protection against chemical and mechanical stresses. It covers the moist surface of the buccal cavity, pharynx, and oesophagus, as well as the dry surface of the skin. Simple epithelium (single layer) is found in the stomach, intestine, and gall bladder, where absorption and secretion are primary functions.
4. Which of the following statements / is / are incorrect regarding compound epithelium ? (a) It is made up of only one layer of cells . (b) Their main function is to provide protection against chemical and mechanical stresses . (c) They cover the dry surface of skin , moist surface of buccal cavity, pharynx, and inner lining of ducts of salivary glands .
Correct Answer: (1) only a
Explanation: Statement (a) is incorrect. Compound epithelium is made up of *more than one* layer of cells. Statements (b) and (c) are correct; its main function is protection against stresses, and it covers surfaces like skin, buccal cavity, pharynx, and salivary gland ducts.
Explanation: Statement (a) is incorrect. Compound epithelium is made up of *more than one* layer of cells. Statements (b) and (c) are correct; its main function is protection against stresses, and it covers surfaces like skin, buccal cavity, pharynx, and salivary gland ducts.
5. Which of the following statement is incorrect regarding columnar epithelium?
Correct Answer: (2) Cells consist of basal rounded nucleus
Explanation: Statement (2) is incorrect. Columnar epithelial cells are indeed long and column-like, found in the lining of the stomach and intestine, and may have microvilli on their free surface. However, their nuclei are typically elongated and located near the base, not necessarily rounded.
Explanation: Statement (2) is incorrect. Columnar epithelial cells are indeed long and column-like, found in the lining of the stomach and intestine, and may have microvilli on their free surface. However, their nuclei are typically elongated and located near the base, not necessarily rounded.
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6. Which of the following statement (s) regarding cell junctions is / are correct? (1) Tight junctions help in stoppage of substances from leaking across a tissue (2) Adhering junctions perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together (3) Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other by connecting the cytoplasm of adjoining cells, far rapid transfer of ions, small molecules and sometimes big molecules
Correct Answer: (4) All o f the above
Explanation: All three statements accurately describe the functions of the respective cell junctions. Tight junctions prevent leakage, adhering junctions provide structural cohesion, and gap junctions enable intercellular communication.
Explanation: All three statements accurately describe the functions of the respective cell junctions. Tight junctions prevent leakage, adhering junctions provide structural cohesion, and gap junctions enable intercellular communication.
7. Match the columns and choose the correct answer from the options given below: – Column I (Terms) Column II (Features) a . Exocrine gland i Stop substances leaking across a tissue b . Endocrine gland ii Hormones are secreted directly into the fluid bathing the gland c . Tight junction iii They perform cementing to keep neighbouring cells together d . Adhering junction iv Secrets mucus, saliva, earwax, oil, milk, digestive enzymes and other cell products
Correct Answer: (1) a – iv; b – ii; c – i; d – iii
Explanation: * Exocrine glands (a) secrete products like mucus, saliva, etc., through ducts (iv). * Endocrine glands (b) secrete hormones directly into the fluid bathing the gland (ii). * Tight junctions (c) prevent leakage across a tissue (i). * Adhering junctions (d) perform cementing to hold cells together (iii).
Explanation: * Exocrine glands (a) secrete products like mucus, saliva, etc., through ducts (iv). * Endocrine glands (b) secrete hormones directly into the fluid bathing the gland (ii). * Tight junctions (c) prevent leakage across a tissue (i). * Adhering junctions (d) perform cementing to hold cells together (iii).
8. Lack of blood supply and presence of noncellular basement membrane are the characteristic features of the
Correct Answer: (3) epithelial tissue
Explanation: Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks blood supply) and rests on a non-cellular basement membrane. These are defining characteristics that distinguish it from other tissue types.
Explanation: Epithelial tissue is avascular (lacks blood supply) and rests on a non-cellular basement membrane. These are defining characteristics that distinguish it from other tissue types.
9. Match the following columns Column A Column B a . Loose connective tissue i . Bone b . Dense connective tissue ii . Areolar connective tissue c . Specialised connective tissue iii . Tendons iv . Adipose connective tissue
Correct Answer: (1) a – ii, iv; b – iii; c – i
Explanation: * Loose connective tissue includes Areolar connective tissue (ii) and Adipose connective tissue (iv). * Dense connective tissue includes Tendons (iii) and Ligaments. * Specialised connective tissue includes Bone (i) and Cartilage, and Blood.
Explanation: * Loose connective tissue includes Areolar connective tissue (ii) and Adipose connective tissue (iv). * Dense connective tissue includes Tendons (iii) and Ligaments. * Specialised connective tissue includes Bone (i) and Cartilage, and Blood.
10. Find out the incorrect match (a) dense regular connective tissue cartilage (b) dense irregular connective tissue tendons (c) areolar connective tissue store fats (d) collagen fibers yellow fibrous protein
Correct Answer: (3) a, b, c and d
Explanation: All the given matches are incorrect. * (a) Dense regular connective tissue includes tendons and ligaments, not cartilage. Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue. * (b) Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the skin, not tendons. Tendons are dense regular connective tissue. * (c) Areolar connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium; adipose tissue stores fats. * (d) Collagen fibers are white fibrous proteins, while elastic fibers are yellow fibrous proteins.
Explanation: All the given matches are incorrect. * (a) Dense regular connective tissue includes tendons and ligaments, not cartilage. Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue. * (b) Dense irregular connective tissue is found in the skin, not tendons. Tendons are dense regular connective tissue. * (c) Areolar connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium; adipose tissue stores fats. * (d) Collagen fibers are white fibrous proteins, while elastic fibers are yellow fibrous proteins.
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11. Which statement is incorrect regarding areolar connective tissue?
Correct Answer: (3) cells of this tissue are specialized to store fats .
Explanation: Statement (3) is incorrect. Areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue that serves as a support framework for epithelium and contains fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages. The cells specialized to store fats are adipocytes, found in adipose tissue, which is another type of loose connective tissue.
Explanation: Statement (3) is incorrect. Areolar connective tissue is a loose connective tissue that serves as a support framework for epithelium and contains fibroblasts, mast cells, and macrophages. The cells specialized to store fats are adipocytes, found in adipose tissue, which is another type of loose connective tissue.
12. Match the following tissues with their functions Tissue Function a Areolar connective tissue i Connect bone to bone b Adipose connective tissue ii Connect bone to skeletal muscles c Tendons iii Store fats d Ligaments iv Serve as a support framework for epithelium
Correct Answer: (3) a – iv , b – iii , c – ii , d – i
Explanation: * Areolar connective tissue (a) serves as a support framework for epithelium (iv). * Adipose connective tissue (b) is specialized to store fats (iii). * Tendons (c) connect skeletal muscles to bones (ii). * Ligaments (d) connect bone to bone (i).
Explanation: * Areolar connective tissue (a) serves as a support framework for epithelium (iv). * Adipose connective tissue (b) is specialized to store fats (iii). * Tendons (c) connect skeletal muscles to bones (ii). * Ligaments (d) connect bone to bone (i).
13. In the matrix of cartilage and bone, the cartilage and bone cells are situated in fluid filled spaces. These are known as
Correct Answer: (3) lacunae
Explanation: In both cartilage and bone, the cells (chondrocytes in cartilage and osteocytes in bone) reside in small spaces within the matrix called lacunae.
Explanation: In both cartilage and bone, the cells (chondrocytes in cartilage and osteocytes in bone) reside in small spaces within the matrix called lacunae.
16. Which of the following type of tissue is being described by the given statements? (a) They are named because of their special functions of linking and supporting. (b) They include cartilage, bone, adipose and blood. (c) They provide strength and elasticity t o the tissues.
Correct Answer: (2) Connective tissue
Explanation: The statements describe connective tissue. Connective tissues are named for their function of linking and supporting other tissues/organs. They are diverse and include cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and blood. They also provide strength and elasticity due to their extracellular matrix components like collagen and elastin fibers.
Explanation: The statements describe connective tissue. Connective tissues are named for their function of linking and supporting other tissues/organs. They are diverse and include cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, and blood. They also provide strength and elasticity due to their extracellular matrix components like collagen and elastin fibers.
17. Read the following statements carefully (a) They have a hard and non – pliable ground substance (b) They support and protect softer tissues and organs (c) Osteocytes are present in spaces called lacunae. Which of the following type of tissue is being described by the above statements?
Correct Answer: (3) Bone
Explanation: The statements describe bone tissue. Bone has a hard, non-pliable ground substance (matrix), provides support and protection to organs, and its cells (osteocytes) are located in lacunae.
Explanation: The statements describe bone tissue. Bone has a hard, non-pliable ground substance (matrix), provides support and protection to organs, and its cells (osteocytes) are located in lacunae.
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18. Largest cells of connective tissue proper are
Correct Answer: (1) fibroblasts
Explanation: Fibroblasts are the most abundant and largest cells in connective tissue proper. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the extracellular matrix components, including collagen and elastic fibers.
Explanation: Fibroblasts are the most abundant and largest cells in connective tissue proper. They are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the extracellular matrix components, including collagen and elastic fibers.
19. Ciliated epithelium in human body is present in
Correct Answer: (3) Cavity of brain and fallopian tube
Explanation: Ciliated epithelium is found in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles, fallopian tubes, and the ventricles of the brain (ependymal cells lining the brain cavities). The cilia help in the movement of fluids or particles.
Explanation: Ciliated epithelium is found in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles, fallopian tubes, and the ventricles of the brain (ependymal cells lining the brain cavities). The cilia help in the movement of fluids or particles.
20. For the formation of a organ : –
Correct Answer: (4) All four types of tissues are required.
Explanation: An organ is formed by the organization of two or more different types of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Typically, all four basic tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous) are present in varying proportions within an organ to enable its complex functions.
Explanation: An organ is formed by the organization of two or more different types of tissues working together to perform a specific function. Typically, all four basic tissue types (epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous) are present in varying proportions within an organ to enable its complex functions.
21. A tissue which faces body fluid or the outside environment and provide a covering for some part of the body –
Correct Answer: (1) Epithelium tissue
Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms the covering or lining of external and internal surfaces of the body. It faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and provides protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
Explanation: Epithelial tissue forms the covering or lining of external and internal surfaces of the body. It faces either a body fluid or the outside environment and provides protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration.
22. Which of the following statements is true ? (1) Cells of epithelium are compactly packed with little intercellular matrix (2) Simple epithelium lines our body cavity, ducts and tubes. (3) Compound epithelium has protective function
Correct Answer: (4) All of these
Explanation: All the statements are true regarding epithelial tissue. Epithelial cells are indeed compactly packed with very little intercellular matrix. Simple epithelium, being a single layer, is ideal for lining body cavities, ducts, and tubes where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur. Compound epithelium, with multiple layers, primarily serves a protective function.
Explanation: All the statements are true regarding epithelial tissue. Epithelial cells are indeed compactly packed with very little intercellular matrix. Simple epithelium, being a single layer, is ideal for lining body cavities, ducts, and tubes where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur. Compound epithelium, with multiple layers, primarily serves a protective function.
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23. The epithelium which is fou nd in the wall of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs
Correct Answer: (2) Squamous epithelium
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium, characterized by a single layer of flattened cells, is found in areas where diffusion or filtration occurs. This includes the walls of blood vessels (endothelium) and the air sacs of lungs (alveoli), facilitating gas exchange and nutrient/waste transport.
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium, characterized by a single layer of flattened cells, is found in areas where diffusion or filtration occurs. This includes the walls of blood vessels (endothelium) and the air sacs of lungs (alveoli), facilitating gas exchange and nutrient/waste transport.
24. An epithelium which is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons , and is specialised for secretion and absorption, can be identified as ?
Correct Answer: (2) Simple cuboidal epithelium
Explanation: Simple cuboidal epithelium, composed of a single layer of cube-like cells, is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons (e.g., PCT). Its primary functions are secretion and absorption.
Explanation: Simple cuboidal epithelium, composed of a single layer of cube-like cells, is commonly found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons (e.g., PCT). Its primary functions are secretion and absorption.
25. Their function is to move particles or mucous in a specific direction over the epithelium, they are mainly present in the inner surface of hollow organs. Identify these structures and where they are found –
Correct Answer: (3) Cilia : Fallopian tubes and bronchioles
Explanation: Cilia are hair-like projections that exhibit coordinated movement to propel substances. They are found in the inner surface of hollow organs such as bronchioles (moving mucus) and fallopian tubes (moving ova). Microvilli increase surface area for absorption and are found in the intestine, not primarily for movement. Stereocilia are found in the epididymis and inner ear, but are non-motile.
Explanation: Cilia are hair-like projections that exhibit coordinated movement to propel substances. They are found in the inner surface of hollow organs such as bronchioles (moving mucus) and fallopian tubes (moving ova). Microvilli increase surface area for absorption and are found in the intestine, not primarily for movement. Stereocilia are found in the epididymis and inner ear, but are non-motile.
26. Which statement(s) is/are true ? (A) Exocrine glands secrete mucus, Saliva, Earwax, Oil and milk (B) Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the fluid (C) Unicellular glands consisting of isolated glandular cells.
Correct Answer: (1) A, B, C
Explanation: All three statements are true. Exocrine glands secrete various substances through ducts. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or interstitial fluid. Unicellular glands, like goblet cells, consist of isolated glandular cells.
Explanation: All three statements are true. Exocrine glands secrete various substances through ducts. Endocrine glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream or interstitial fluid. Unicellular glands, like goblet cells, consist of isolated glandular cells.
27. What is true for compound epithelium ? (1) It is made up of more than one layer of cells thus has a limited role in secretion and absorption. (2) Its main function is to provide protection (3) They cover the dry surface of the skin and moist surface of buccal cavity
Correct Answer: (4) All statements are true.
Explanation: All the statements correctly describe compound epithelium. Its multi-layered nature limits its role in secretion and absorption, making protection its primary function. It is found in areas subject to wear and tear, such as the skin and the lining of the buccal cavity.
Explanation: All the statements correctly describe compound epithelium. Its multi-layered nature limits its role in secretion and absorption, making protection its primary function. It is found in areas subject to wear and tear, such as the skin and the lining of the buccal cavity.
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28. Which cell junction help to stop substances from leaking across a tissue ?
Correct Answer: (2) Tight junction
Explanation: Tight junctions are specialized cell junctions that form a seal between adjacent cells, preventing the passage of substances through the intercellular space and thus stopping leakage across a tissue.
Explanation: Tight junctions are specialized cell junctions that form a seal between adjacent cells, preventing the passage of substances through the intercellular space and thus stopping leakage across a tissue.
29. Which tissue is most abundant and widely distributed in the body of complex animals ?
Correct Answer: (2) Connective tissue
Explanation: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body of complex animals. It includes a diverse group of tissues that connect, support, bind, or separate other tissues and organs.
Explanation: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body of complex animals. It includes a diverse group of tissues that connect, support, bind, or separate other tissues and organs.
30. Which statements are true ? (A) In loose connective tissue, cells and fibres are loosely arranged in a semi fluid ground substance. (B) Areolar connective tissue provide support for epithelium beneath the skin. (C) Adipose tissue located mainly beneath the skin
Correct Answer: (1) A, B , C
Explanation: All three statements are true. Loose connective tissue is characterized by loosely arranged cells and fibers in a semi-fluid ground substance. Areolar tissue, a type of loose connective tissue, is found beneath the skin and provides support for the epithelium. Adipose tissue, another loose connective tissue, is indeed primarily located beneath the skin.
Explanation: All three statements are true. Loose connective tissue is characterized by loosely arranged cells and fibers in a semi-fluid ground substance. Areolar tissue, a type of loose connective tissue, is found beneath the skin and provides support for the epithelium. Adipose tissue, another loose connective tissue, is indeed primarily located beneath the skin.
31. Which of the following is an example of dense connective tissue ? (A) Ligament (B) Tendon (C) Adipose tissue (D) Areolar tissue
Correct Answer: (1) A, B
Explanation: Ligaments and Tendons are examples of dense connective tissue. Adipose tissue and Areolar tissue are examples of loose connective tissue.
Explanation: Ligaments and Tendons are examples of dense connective tissue. Adipose tissue and Areolar tissue are examples of loose connective tissue.
32. Which cell of connective tissue, produce and secrete fibres ?
Correct Answer: (2) Fibroblast
Explanation: Fibroblasts are the primary cells of connective tissue proper. Their main function is to synthesize and secrete the protein fibers (like collagen and elastin) and the ground substance that make up the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
Explanation: Fibroblasts are the primary cells of connective tissue proper. Their main function is to synthesize and secrete the protein fibers (like collagen and elastin) and the ground substance that make up the extracellular matrix of connective tissues.
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33. In which of the following preparation collagen fibres are present in the form of parallel bundles of fibres ?
Correct Answer: (3) Both (1) and (2)
Explanation: Both tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue. In this type of tissue, collagen fibers are arranged in parallel bundles, providing great tensile strength in one direction.
Explanation: Both tendons and ligaments are examples of dense regular connective tissue. In this type of tissue, collagen fibers are arranged in parallel bundles, providing great tensile strength in one direction.
34. The tissue related with diffusion and filtration is : –
Correct Answer: (2) Simple squamous
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium, with its single layer of flattened cells, is ideally suited for processes like diffusion and filtration. It forms the lining of blood vessels, air sacs of the lungs, and Bowman’s capsules in the kidney, where these functions are crucial.
Explanation: Simple squamous epithelium, with its single layer of flattened cells, is ideally suited for processes like diffusion and filtration. It forms the lining of blood vessels, air sacs of the lungs, and Bowman’s capsules in the kidney, where these functions are crucial.
35. Match the following columns : – i Unicellular gland a Pancreas ii Serous glands b Sebaceous gland iii Heterocrine c Goblet cell iv Holocrine glands d Watery secretion
Correct Answer: (2) i (c), ii (d), iii (a), iv (b)
Explanation: * Unicellular gland (i): Goblet cell (c) is an isolated glandular cell. * Serous glands (ii): Produce watery secretion (d), rich in enzymes. * Heterocrine (mixed) glands (iii): Pancreas (a) has both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) functions. * Holocrine glands (iv): Sebaceous gland (b) secretes by the rupture of the entire cell.
Explanation: * Unicellular gland (i): Goblet cell (c) is an isolated glandular cell. * Serous glands (ii): Produce watery secretion (d), rich in enzymes. * Heterocrine (mixed) glands (iii): Pancreas (a) has both exocrine (digestive enzymes) and endocrine (hormones) functions. * Holocrine glands (iv): Sebaceous gland (b) secretes by the rupture of the entire cell.
36. Select incorrect match with respect to simple epithelium shown and its location in the body? Simple epithelium Location (1) . Walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs (2) . Ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons (3) . PCT of nephron (4) . Bronchioles and fallopian tubes
Correct Answer: (3) PCT of nephron
Explanation: The image for option (3) is missing, but based on common knowledge: * (1) Simple squamous epithelium is found in walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs. (Correct match) * (2) Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons. (Correct match) * (3) PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) of nephron has simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border (microvilli) for absorption. If the image was simple cuboidal without brush border, it would be incorrect for PCT. Assuming the image was a generic cuboidal, the specific function of PCT (high absorption due to brush border) makes it a potentially incorrect match if the image doesn’t show microvilli. **However, the provided answer key states (3) is incorrect.** This implies that the visual representation for PCT of nephron was not accurately depicted or matched. **A simple cuboidal epithelium is found in PCT, but it’s specifically brush-bordered cuboidal epithelium, which might be the point of mismatch if the image was just plain cuboidal.** * (4) Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is found in bronchioles and fallopian tubes. (Correct match) Given the answer key, the mismatch is likely in the specific type of cuboidal epithelium for PCT.
Explanation: The image for option (3) is missing, but based on common knowledge: * (1) Simple squamous epithelium is found in walls of blood vessels and air sacs of lungs. (Correct match) * (2) Simple cuboidal epithelium is found in ducts of glands and tubular parts of nephrons. (Correct match) * (3) PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) of nephron has simple cuboidal epithelium with brush border (microvilli) for absorption. If the image was simple cuboidal without brush border, it would be incorrect for PCT. Assuming the image was a generic cuboidal, the specific function of PCT (high absorption due to brush border) makes it a potentially incorrect match if the image doesn’t show microvilli. **However, the provided answer key states (3) is incorrect.** This implies that the visual representation for PCT of nephron was not accurately depicted or matched. **A simple cuboidal epithelium is found in PCT, but it’s specifically brush-bordered cuboidal epithelium, which might be the point of mismatch if the image was just plain cuboidal.** * (4) Simple ciliated columnar epithelium is found in bronchioles and fallopian tubes. (Correct match) Given the answer key, the mismatch is likely in the specific type of cuboidal epithelium for PCT.
37. Which of the following are correct for epithelial tissue? (A) It has free surface which may face towards the body fluid. (B) It provides covering for some part of body (C) Intercellular matrix is abundant (D) It lies on basement membrane.
Correct Answer: (4) (A), (B), (D)
Explanation: (A) Correct: Epithelial tissue has a free surface that faces either a body fluid or the outside environment. (B) Correct: It provides a covering or lining for various body parts. (C) Incorrect: Epithelial cells are compactly packed with very little intercellular matrix. (D) Correct: Epithelial tissue always rests on a non-cellular basement membrane. Therefore, A, B, and D are correct.
Explanation: (A) Correct: Epithelial tissue has a free surface that faces either a body fluid or the outside environment. (B) Correct: It provides a covering or lining for various body parts. (C) Incorrect: Epithelial cells are compactly packed with very little intercellular matrix. (D) Correct: Epithelial tissue always rests on a non-cellular basement membrane. Therefore, A, B, and D are correct.
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38. Choose the incorrect option for the secretion of given tissue in the given figure : –
Correct Answer: (2) Mucus
Explanation: The question refers to a “given tissue in the given figure” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the incorrect option for secretion is Mucus. This implies the figure likely depicted an endocrine gland or a gland that does not secrete mucus. Saliva, Tear, and Milk are all exocrine secretions. Mucus is also an exocrine secretion, but without the figure, it’s hard to determine the exact context. If the figure was of an endocrine gland, then all options would be incorrect as endocrine glands secrete hormones. If it was a specific exocrine gland, then one of the options would be its incorrect secretion. Given the answer, it suggests that the tissue shown does not secrete mucus.
Explanation: The question refers to a “given tissue in the given figure” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the incorrect option for secretion is Mucus. This implies the figure likely depicted an endocrine gland or a gland that does not secrete mucus. Saliva, Tear, and Milk are all exocrine secretions. Mucus is also an exocrine secretion, but without the figure, it’s hard to determine the exact context. If the figure was of an endocrine gland, then all options would be incorrect as endocrine glands secrete hormones. If it was a specific exocrine gland, then one of the options would be its incorrect secretion. Given the answer, it suggests that the tissue shown does not secrete mucus.
39. Choose the correct location of tissue for given diagram : –
Correct Answer: (4) Covers the dry surface of skin
Explanation: The question refers to a “given diagram” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct location is “Covers the dry surface of skin”. This strongly suggests the diagram depicted a compound squamous epithelium (stratified squamous epithelium), which forms the epidermis of the skin and provides protection against abrasion and desiccation.
Explanation: The question refers to a “given diagram” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct location is “Covers the dry surface of skin”. This strongly suggests the diagram depicted a compound squamous epithelium (stratified squamous epithelium), which forms the epidermis of the skin and provides protection against abrasion and desiccation.
40. Simple epithelium will be present in how many of the following structu res? Alveoli, Skin, Nephrons, Tendon, Cartilage, Blood vessel, Alimentary canal
Correct Answer: (2) Four
Explanation: * **Alveoli:** Simple squamous epithelium (for gas exchange). * **Skin:** Compound (stratified) epithelium. * **Nephrons:** Simple cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium (in different parts). * **Tendon:** Dense regular connective tissue. * **Cartilage:** Specialized connective tissue. * **Blood vessel:** Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium). * **Alimentary canal:** Simple columnar epithelium (lining). Structures with simple epithelium: Alveoli, Nephrons, Blood vessel, Alimentary canal. That’s four structures.
Explanation: * **Alveoli:** Simple squamous epithelium (for gas exchange). * **Skin:** Compound (stratified) epithelium. * **Nephrons:** Simple cuboidal and simple squamous epithelium (in different parts). * **Tendon:** Dense regular connective tissue. * **Cartilage:** Specialized connective tissue. * **Blood vessel:** Simple squamous epithelium (endothelium). * **Alimentary canal:** Simple columnar epithelium (lining). Structures with simple epithelium: Alveoli, Nephrons, Blood vessel, Alimentary canal. That’s four structures.
41. All the following structures are lined by transitional epithelium except : –
Correct Answer: (4) Oesophagus
Explanation: Transitional epithelium is a specialized stratified epithelium found in the urinary system (renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra). It is characterized by its ability to stretch. The oesophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium (compound epithelium), which provides protection against abrasion from food passage.
Explanation: Transitional epithelium is a specialized stratified epithelium found in the urinary system (renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and part of the urethra). It is characterized by its ability to stretch. The oesophagus is lined by stratified squamous epithelium (compound epithelium), which provides protection against abrasion from food passage.
42. Goblet cells are the examples of : –
Correct Answer: (1) Unicellular glands
Explanation: Goblet cells are isolated glandular cells that secrete mucus. They are a classic example of unicellular glands.
Explanation: Goblet cells are isolated glandular cells that secrete mucus. They are a classic example of unicellular glands.
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43. Which modification of cell membrane increase maximum surface area for absorption?
Correct Answer: (2) Microvilli
Explanation: Microvilli are microscopic, finger-like projections of the apical surface of epithelial cells. They significantly increase the surface area for absorption, particularly in the small intestine and kidney tubules. Villi are macroscopic folds of the intestinal lining, which are themselves covered by cells with microvilli. Cilia and stereocilia have different primary functions (movement and sensory, respectively).
Explanation: Microvilli are microscopic, finger-like projections of the apical surface of epithelial cells. They significantly increase the surface area for absorption, particularly in the small intestine and kidney tubules. Villi are macroscopic folds of the intestinal lining, which are themselves covered by cells with microvilli. Cilia and stereocilia have different primary functions (movement and sensory, respectively).
44. In the given figure, identify marked (a), (b) (c): –
Correct Answer: (2) Macrophage, mast cell, fibroblast
Explanation: The question refers to a “given figure” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct identification of (a), (b), (c) is Macrophage, Mast cell, and Fibroblast respectively. These are common cell types found in loose connective tissue.
Explanation: The question refers to a “given figure” which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct identification of (a), (b), (c) is Macrophage, Mast cell, and Fibroblast respectively. These are common cell types found in loose connective tissue.
45. In the given diagram, what are the functions of (a), (b) and (c) ? a b c (1) Phagocytosis Secrete fibres Secrete heparin (2) Phagocytosis Secrete heparin Secrete fibres (3) Secrete heparin Secrete fibres Phagocytosis (4) Secrete fibre Secrete heparin Phagocytosis
Correct Answer: (1) Phagocytosis Secrete fibres Secrete heparin
Explanation: The question refers to a “given diagram” with labels (a), (b), (c) which is not provided. However, based on the previous question (Q44) and the answer key, (a) is Macrophage, (b) is Mast cell, and (c) is Fibroblast. * Macrophage (a): Performs phagocytosis. * Fibroblast (b): Secretes fibers (collagen, elastin). * Mast cell (c): Secretes heparin, histamine, etc. Therefore, the correct match for functions would be: (a) Phagocytosis, (b) Secrete fibres, (c) Secrete heparin.
Explanation: The question refers to a “given diagram” with labels (a), (b), (c) which is not provided. However, based on the previous question (Q44) and the answer key, (a) is Macrophage, (b) is Mast cell, and (c) is Fibroblast. * Macrophage (a): Performs phagocytosis. * Fibroblast (b): Secretes fibers (collagen, elastin). * Mast cell (c): Secretes heparin, histamine, etc. Therefore, the correct match for functions would be: (a) Phagocytosis, (b) Secrete fibres, (c) Secrete heparin.
46. Tendons are : – (A) Dense regular connective tissue with elastic fibres. (B) Dense regular connective tissue with collagen fibres. (C) Dense irregular connective tissue with collagen fibres. (D) Dense irregular connective tissue with elastic fibres.
Correct Answer: (1) Only (B)
Explanation: Tendons are a type of dense regular connective tissue. They are characterized by the presence of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles, which provides great tensile strength in one direction. Ligaments are also dense regular connective tissue but contain more elastic fibers.
Explanation: Tendons are a type of dense regular connective tissue. They are characterized by the presence of collagen fibers arranged in parallel bundles, which provides great tensile strength in one direction. Ligaments are also dense regular connective tissue but contain more elastic fibers.
47. Read the following statements (A – D) (A) Muscular tissue is most abundant and widely distributed tissue. (B) All connective tissue cells including blood secretes fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin. (C) Epithelial cells rest on basement membrane. (D) Blood often serves as support framework of epithelium. How many of the above statements are incorrect?
Correct Answer: (2) Three
Explanation: (A) Incorrect: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue, not muscular tissue. (B) Incorrect: Not all connective tissue cells secrete fibers. For example, blood cells (a type of fluid connective tissue) do not secrete collagen or elastin fibers. (C) Correct: Epithelial cells always rest on a basement membrane. (D) Incorrect: Areolar connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium, not blood. Therefore, statements A, B, and D are incorrect. That’s three incorrect statements.
Explanation: (A) Incorrect: Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue, not muscular tissue. (B) Incorrect: Not all connective tissue cells secrete fibers. For example, blood cells (a type of fluid connective tissue) do not secrete collagen or elastin fibers. (C) Correct: Epithelial cells always rest on a basement membrane. (D) Incorrect: Areolar connective tissue serves as a support framework for epithelium, not blood. Therefore, statements A, B, and D are incorrect. That’s three incorrect statements.
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48. Which one is an incorrect match ? (1) Compound epithelium Main role in secretion and absorption (2) Areolar tissue Support frame work for e pithelium (3) Blood Specialised C.T. (4) Dense regular connective Tendon and ligaments
Correct Answer: (1) Compound epithelium Main role in secretion and absorption
Explanation: Statement (1) is an incorrect match. The main role of compound epithelium is protection against chemical and mechanical stresses, not secretion and absorption. Secretion and absorption are primary functions of simple epithelium.
Explanation: Statement (1) is an incorrect match. The main role of compound epithelium is protection against chemical and mechanical stresses, not secretion and absorption. Secretion and absorption are primary functions of simple epithelium.
49. Loose connective tissue is found : –
Correct Answer: (2) Beneath skin.
Explanation: Loose connective tissue, such as areolar tissue, is widely distributed in the body and is found beneath the skin, supporting epithelia, and filling spaces between organs. Tendons and ligaments are dense connective tissue. Blood, cartilage, and bone are specialized connective tissues.
Explanation: Loose connective tissue, such as areolar tissue, is widely distributed in the body and is found beneath the skin, supporting epithelia, and filling spaces between organs. Tendons and ligaments are dense connective tissue. Blood, cartilage, and bone are specialized connective tissues.
50. Find out the incorrect match : – (1) Widely distributed tissue – Connective tissue. (2) Gap junction – Faciliate communication. (3) Secretion of fibres – Blood cells. (4) 40 – 50% part of body – Muscular tissue.
Correct Answer: (3) Secretion of fibres – Blood cells.
Explanation: Statement (3) is an incorrect match. Fibroblasts are the cells responsible for secreting fibers in connective tissue, not blood cells. Blood cells have various functions related to transport, immunity, and clotting, but not fiber secretion.
Explanation: Statement (3) is an incorrect match. Fibroblasts are the cells responsible for secreting fibers in connective tissue, not blood cells. Blood cells have various functions related to transport, immunity, and clotting, but not fiber secretion.
51. ____fibres are oriented differently with ____ cells in dense irregular connective tissue.
Correct Answer: (4) Collagen, Fibroblast.
Explanation: In dense irregular connective tissue, fibroblasts are the main cells, and the fibers (primarily collagen) are oriented differently (irregularly arranged) to provide strength in multiple directions.
Explanation: In dense irregular connective tissue, fibroblasts are the main cells, and the fibers (primarily collagen) are oriented differently (irregularly arranged) to provide strength in multiple directions.
52. A tissue that is found in our body as connecting and supporting structures is : –
Correct Answer: (4) Connective tissue
Explanation: Connective tissue is characterized by its functions of connecting and supporting various body structures. This includes binding organs together, providing structural support, and transporting substances.
Explanation: Connective tissue is characterized by its functions of connecting and supporting various body structures. This includes binding organs together, providing structural support, and transporting substances.
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53. Connective tissue represents different functions except : –
Correct Answer: (3) Highest regeneration power.
Explanation: Connective tissues perform linking, support, and transport (e.g., blood). However, epithelial tissue generally has the highest regeneration power, not connective tissue. Connective tissues have varying regenerative capacities, but not the highest among all tissues.
Explanation: Connective tissues perform linking, support, and transport (e.g., blood). However, epithelial tissue generally has the highest regeneration power, not connective tissue. Connective tissues have varying regenerative capacities, but not the highest among all tissues.
55. Which of the given below structure belongs to areolar connective tissue?
Correct Answer: (3) Tela subcutanea
Explanation: Tela subcutanea refers to the subcutaneous tissue, which is primarily composed of loose connective tissue, including areolar tissue and adipose tissue. Ligaments and tendons are dense connective tissue. Panniculus adiposus is specifically the layer of adipose tissue beneath the skin. While related, tela subcutanea is a broader term that includes areolar tissue.
Explanation: Tela subcutanea refers to the subcutaneous tissue, which is primarily composed of loose connective tissue, including areolar tissue and adipose tissue. Ligaments and tendons are dense connective tissue. Panniculus adiposus is specifically the layer of adipose tissue beneath the skin. While related, tela subcutanea is a broader term that includes areolar tissue.
56. Assertion: Ciliated epithelium mainly present in the inner surface of hollow organs like bronchioles and fallopian tube. Reason: Cilia are microvilli.
Correct Answer: (3) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
Explanation: The assertion is true: Ciliated epithelium is indeed found in bronchioles and fallopian tubes, where cilia help move substances. However, the reason is false: Cilia are distinct from microvilli. Cilia are motile, hair-like projections involved in movement, while microvilli are non-motile, finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption.
Explanation: The assertion is true: Ciliated epithelium is indeed found in bronchioles and fallopian tubes, where cilia help move substances. However, the reason is false: Cilia are distinct from microvilli. Cilia are motile, hair-like projections involved in movement, while microvilli are non-motile, finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption.
57. Assertion: Blood is connective tissue Reason: In blood, cells use to secrete fibres of structural proteins called collagen or elastin.
Correct Answer: (3) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
Explanation: The assertion is true: Blood is classified as a specialized fluid connective tissue. However, the reason is false: Blood cells (like red blood cells, white blood cells) do not secrete collagen or elastin fibers. These fibers are typically secreted by fibroblasts in other types of connective tissue. The matrix of blood is plasma, which is fluid.
Explanation: The assertion is true: Blood is classified as a specialized fluid connective tissue. However, the reason is false: Blood cells (like red blood cells, white blood cells) do not secrete collagen or elastin fibers. These fibers are typically secreted by fibroblasts in other types of connective tissue. The matrix of blood is plasma, which is fluid.
58. Assertion: Gap junctions facilitate the cells to communicate with each other. Reason: Gap junction connects the cytoplasm of adjoining cells.
Correct Answer: (1) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Gap junctions form channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for rapid passage of ions, small molecules, and electrical signals, thereby facilitating intercellular communication.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Gap junctions form channels that directly connect the cytoplasm of adjacent cells, allowing for rapid passage of ions, small molecules, and electrical signals, thereby facilitating intercellular communication.
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59. Assertion: Non – striated muscles are said to be voluntary in nature. Reason: Non – striated muscles can be moved according to will.
Correct Answer: (4) If both the assertion and reason are false.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. Non-striated muscles (smooth muscles) are involuntary in nature, meaning their activities cannot be controlled consciously or “according to will.” Voluntary muscles are striated (skeletal muscles).
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. Non-striated muscles (smooth muscles) are involuntary in nature, meaning their activities cannot be controlled consciously or “according to will.” Voluntary muscles are striated (skeletal muscles).
60. Assertion: Intercalated discs are important regions of cardiac muscle cells. Reason: Intercalated discs function as communication junction for muscle contraction waves.
Correct Answer: (1) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Intercalated discs are specialized cell junctions found in cardiac muscle cells. They contain gap junctions that allow rapid communication between adjacent cells, enabling the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle as a single unit (functional syncytium).
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Intercalated discs are specialized cell junctions found in cardiac muscle cells. They contain gap junctions that allow rapid communication between adjacent cells, enabling the synchronized contraction of cardiac muscle as a single unit (functional syncytium).
1. The body cavity of arthropods is
Correct Answer: (3) Haemocoel
Explanation: Arthropods have an open circulatory system where the body cavity is filled with hemolymph (blood-like fluid) and is called a haemocoel. The coelom is reduced to spaces around the gonads and excretory organs.
Explanation: Arthropods have an open circulatory system where the body cavity is filled with hemolymph (blood-like fluid) and is called a haemocoel. The coelom is reduced to spaces around the gonads and excretory organs.
2. The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of how many segments –
Correct Answer: (2) Six
Explanation: The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of six segments, which provides flexibility and allows movement in all directions.
Explanation: The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of six segments, which provides flexibility and allows movement in all directions.
3. Find out correct statements about cockroach – (A) Anal cerci present both male and female (B) Excretory organ are nephridia (C) Nocturnal, Cursorial animal (D) 3 Pair legs, 3 pair wings
Correct Answer: (2) A, C
Explanation: (A) Correct: Anal cerci are present in both male and female cockroaches. (B) Incorrect: The excretory organs of cockroaches are Malpighian tubules, not nephridia. (C) Correct: Cockroaches are nocturnal (active at night) and cursorial (adapted for running). (D) Incorrect: Cockroaches have 3 pairs of legs (one pair on each thoracic segment) but typically 2 pairs of wings (forewings on mesothorax, hindwings on metathorax). Therefore, A and C are correct.
Explanation: (A) Correct: Anal cerci are present in both male and female cockroaches. (B) Incorrect: The excretory organs of cockroaches are Malpighian tubules, not nephridia. (C) Correct: Cockroaches are nocturnal (active at night) and cursorial (adapted for running). (D) Incorrect: Cockroaches have 3 pairs of legs (one pair on each thoracic segment) but typically 2 pairs of wings (forewings on mesothorax, hindwings on metathorax). Therefore, A and C are correct.
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4. In cockroach, the position of heart is
Correct Answer: (2) Dorsal
Explanation: The heart of a cockroach is an elongated, muscular tube located along the mid-dorsal line of the thorax and abdomen.
Explanation: The heart of a cockroach is an elongated, muscular tube located along the mid-dorsal line of the thorax and abdomen.
5. Insects usually have …… pairs of wings.
Correct Answer: (2) Two
Explanation: Most insects, including cockroaches, typically have two pairs of wings. In cockroaches, the forewings (tegmina) are on the mesothorax and the hindwings are on the metathorax.
Explanation: Most insects, including cockroaches, typically have two pairs of wings. In cockroaches, the forewings (tegmina) are on the mesothorax and the hindwings are on the metathorax.
6. The heart is ……… chambered in Periplaneta
Correct Answer: (4) 13
Explanation: The heart of Periplaneta americana (cockroach) is a long, tubular, 13-chambered structure located dorsally in the thorax and abdomen.
Explanation: The heart of Periplaneta americana (cockroach) is a long, tubular, 13-chambered structure located dorsally in the thorax and abdomen.
7. The total number of ganglia in cockroach are
Correct Answer: (2) Three thoracic and six abdominal
Explanation: The nervous system of a cockroach consists of a series of fused segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired longitudinal connectives on the ventral side. It has three ganglia in the thorax and six in the abdomen.
Explanation: The nervous system of a cockroach consists of a series of fused segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired longitudinal connectives on the ventral side. It has three ganglia in the thorax and six in the abdomen.
8. The type of circulatory system in Periplaneta is :
Correct Answer: (1) Open
Explanation: Cockroaches, like other arthropods, have an open circulatory system. This means the blood (hemolymph) flows freely within the body cavity (haemocoel) and is not confined to blood vessels throughout its circuit.
Explanation: Cockroaches, like other arthropods, have an open circulatory system. This means the blood (hemolymph) flows freely within the body cavity (haemocoel) and is not confined to blood vessels throughout its circuit.
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9. Fore wings of cockroach are articulated to –
Correct Answer: (4) Mesothorax
Explanation: The forewings (tegmina) of the cockroach arise from the mesothorax, and the hindwings arise from the metathorax.
Explanation: The forewings (tegmina) of the cockroach arise from the mesothorax, and the hindwings arise from the metathorax.
10. Insects are
Correct Answer: (2) Uricotelic
Explanation: Insects, including cockroaches, are uricotelic, meaning they excrete nitrogenous waste primarily in the form of uric acid. Uric acid is relatively insoluble and requires very little water for excretion, which is an adaptation for conserving water in terrestrial environments.
Explanation: Insects, including cockroaches, are uricotelic, meaning they excrete nitrogenous waste primarily in the form of uric acid. Uric acid is relatively insoluble and requires very little water for excretion, which is an adaptation for conserving water in terrestrial environments.
11. In cockroach, wings are
Correct Answer: (4) Both (2) and (3)
Explanation: Cockroaches have two pairs of wings. The forewings (tegmina) arise from the mesothorax, and the hindwings arise from the metathorax.
Explanation: Cockroaches have two pairs of wings. The forewings (tegmina) arise from the mesothorax, and the hindwings arise from the metathorax.
12. Cockroach has …….. kind of mouth parts
Correct Answer: (2) Chewing and biting type
Explanation: Cockroaches possess chewing and biting type mouthparts, which are well-adapted for their omnivorous diet. These include a labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, a labium, and a hypopharynx.
Explanation: Cockroaches possess chewing and biting type mouthparts, which are well-adapted for their omnivorous diet. These include a labrum, a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae, a labium, and a hypopharynx.
13. Young one of the cockroach is called
Correct Answer: (3) Nymph
Explanation: The development of Periplaneta americana (cockroach) is paurometabolous, meaning there is development through nymphal stage. The young one is called a nymph, which resembles the adult.
Explanation: The development of Periplaneta americana (cockroach) is paurometabolous, meaning there is development through nymphal stage. The young one is called a nymph, which resembles the adult.
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14. The functional units of compound eye of an insect are called
Correct Answer: (4) Ommatidia
Explanation: The compound eye of an insect is made up of several thousand hexagonal units called ommatidia. Each ommatidium acts as a separate visual unit, contributing to mosaic vision.
Explanation: The compound eye of an insect is made up of several thousand hexagonal units called ommatidia. Each ommatidium acts as a separate visual unit, contributing to mosaic vision.
15. How will you differentiate male from female cockroach ?
Correct Answer: (4) Males have anal styles
Explanation: Male cockroaches can be distinguished from females by the presence of a pair of short, thread-like anal styles, which are absent in females. Both sexes have anal cerci.
Explanation: Male cockroaches can be distinguished from females by the presence of a pair of short, thread-like anal styles, which are absent in females. Both sexes have anal cerci.
16. Blood with corpuscles or plasma is absent in cockroach as
Correct Answer: (2) Exchange of gases occur through tracheae
Explanation: Cockroaches have a tracheal system for respiration, where oxygen is directly delivered to the tissues and carbon dioxide is removed. Their hemolymph (blood) does not contain respiratory pigments (like hemoglobin) and therefore does not play a role in gas transport. This is why blood with corpuscles or plasma (in the sense of oxygen-carrying components) is absent.
Explanation: Cockroaches have a tracheal system for respiration, where oxygen is directly delivered to the tissues and carbon dioxide is removed. Their hemolymph (blood) does not contain respiratory pigments (like hemoglobin) and therefore does not play a role in gas transport. This is why blood with corpuscles or plasma (in the sense of oxygen-carrying components) is absent.
17. In cockroach, fertilised eggs are encased in capsule called –
Correct Answer: (2) Ootheca
Explanation: In cockroaches, the fertilized eggs are encased in dark reddish to blackish brown capsules called oothecae. These are secreted by the collateral glands of the female.
Explanation: In cockroaches, the fertilized eggs are encased in dark reddish to blackish brown capsules called oothecae. These are secreted by the collateral glands of the female.
18. Male and female cockroach can be distinguished externally through –
Correct Answer: (1) Anal styles in male
Explanation: The most reliable external distinguishing feature between male and female cockroaches is the presence of anal styles in males, which are absent in females. Anal cerci are present in both sexes.
Explanation: The most reliable external distinguishing feature between male and female cockroaches is the presence of anal styles in males, which are absent in females. Anal cerci are present in both sexes.
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19. Cockraoch is –
Correct Answer: (1) Noctural – omnivorous
Explanation: Cockroaches are nocturnal, meaning they are active at night, and omnivorous, meaning they feed on a wide variety of food materials.
Explanation: Cockroaches are nocturnal, meaning they are active at night, and omnivorous, meaning they feed on a wide variety of food materials.
20. Identify correctly matched (a), (b), (c)
Correct Answer: (2) Ileum, Mesenteron, Gizzard
Explanation: The question refers to a diagram with labels (a), (b), (c) which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct match is Ileum, Mesenteron, Gizzard. This implies (a) is Ileum (part of hindgut), (b) is Mesenteron (midgut), and (c) is Gizzard (part of foregut).
Explanation: The question refers to a diagram with labels (a), (b), (c) which is not provided. However, based on the answer key, the correct match is Ileum, Mesenteron, Gizzard. This implies (a) is Ileum (part of hindgut), (b) is Mesenteron (midgut), and (c) is Gizzard (part of foregut).
21. Which is incorrect for circulatory system of cockroach?
Correct Answer: (2) Plasma, haemocytes, erythrocytes are present.
Explanation: Statement (2) is incorrect. Cockroach blood (hemolymph) contains plasma and hemocytes (blood cells), but it lacks erythrocytes (red blood cells) and respiratory pigments like hemoglobin, as it does not transport oxygen.
Explanation: Statement (2) is incorrect. Cockroach blood (hemolymph) contains plasma and hemocytes (blood cells), but it lacks erythrocytes (red blood cells) and respiratory pigments like hemoglobin, as it does not transport oxygen.
22 . Which of the two parts in cockroach are fundamental l y similar in function ?
Correct Answer: (2) Mandibles and gizzard
Explanation: Both mandibles (mouthparts) and the gizzard (proventriculus) in cockroaches are involved in grinding and crushing food. Mandibles are for initial biting and chewing, while the gizzard has chitinous teeth for further pulverization of food.
Explanation: Both mandibles (mouthparts) and the gizzard (proventriculus) in cockroaches are involved in grinding and crushing food. Mandibles are for initial biting and chewing, while the gizzard has chitinous teeth for further pulverization of food.
24. Ootheca is formed in cockroach by –
Correct Answer: (3) Collateral gland
Explanation: In female cockroaches, a pair of large, branched glands called collateral glands secrete the proteinaceous capsule (ootheca) around the fertilized eggs.
Explanation: In female cockroaches, a pair of large, branched glands called collateral glands secrete the proteinaceous capsule (ootheca) around the fertilized eggs.
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25. Which type of mouth parts present in lateral side of pre – oral cavity in cockroach ?
Correct Answer: (3) Mandibles and maxillae
Explanation: The mouthparts of a cockroach are of the chewing and biting type. The mandibles and maxillae are paired structures located laterally to the pre-oral cavity, involved in cutting and grinding food. The labrum is anterior, and the labium is posterior.
Explanation: The mouthparts of a cockroach are of the chewing and biting type. The mandibles and maxillae are paired structures located laterally to the pre-oral cavity, involved in cutting and grinding food. The labrum is anterior, and the labium is posterior.
26. The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of how many segments ?
Correct Answer: (2) Six
Explanation: The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of six segments.
Explanation: The head of the cockroach is formed by the fusion of six segments.
27. In cockroach a sac like structure present in alimentary canal and used for storing of food called : –
Correct Answer: (3) Crop
Explanation: The alimentary canal of the cockroach consists of a foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut includes the pharynx, oesophagus, crop, and gizzard. The crop is a large, sac-like structure used for storing food.
Explanation: The alimentary canal of the cockroach consists of a foregut, midgut, and hindgut. The foregut includes the pharynx, oesophagus, crop, and gizzard. The crop is a large, sac-like structure used for storing food.
28. Mushroom gland is a part of : –
Correct Answer: (3) Male reproductive system of cockroach.
Explanation: The mushroom gland (or utricular gland) is a prominent accessory reproductive gland found in the male reproductive system of the cockroach. It contributes to the formation of the spermatophore.
Explanation: The mushroom gland (or utricular gland) is a prominent accessory reproductive gland found in the male reproductive system of the cockroach. It contributes to the formation of the spermatophore.
29. In female cockroach ovary present in which abdominal segments ?
Correct Answer: (2) 2 nd to 6 th
Explanation: In female cockroaches, each ovary is formed of eight ovarioles and lies laterally in the 2nd to 6th abdominal segments.
Explanation: In female cockroaches, each ovary is formed of eight ovarioles and lies laterally in the 2nd to 6th abdominal segments.
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30. In cockroach a pair of spermatheca is present in the 6 th segment which open into the which type of structure : –
Correct Answer: (4) Genital chamber
Explanation: In female cockroaches, a pair of spermatheca is present in the 6th segment. These open into the genital chamber, where sperm are stored after copulation.
Explanation: In female cockroaches, a pair of spermatheca is present in the 6th segment. These open into the genital chamber, where sperm are stored after copulation.
31 . Assertion: Sperm glue together and form spermatophores in vas deferens in cockroach. Reason: Sperm stores in vas deferens in cockroach .
Correct Answer: (4) If both the assertion and reason are false.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. In cockroaches, sperm are stored in the seminal vesicles, not the vas deferens. Spermatophores (sperm packets) are formed by the secretions of the mushroom gland and are then transferred to the female.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. In cockroaches, sperm are stored in the seminal vesicles, not the vas deferens. Spermatophores (sperm packets) are formed by the secretions of the mushroom gland and are then transferred to the female.
32 . Assertion: Cockroach is pest. Reason: Cockroach destroys food and contaminates it with their excreta.
Correct Answer: (1) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Cockroaches are considered pests because they destroy food materials and contaminate them with their excreta, posing health risks.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Cockroaches are considered pests because they destroy food materials and contaminate them with their excreta, posing health risks.
33 . Assertion: Cockroach is monoecious. Reason: Male and female sex organ is present in single organism.
Correct Answer: (4) If both the assertion and reason are false.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. Cockroaches are dioecious (unisexual), meaning male and female reproductive organs are present in separate individuals. Monoecious refers to organisms having both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are false. Cockroaches are dioecious (unisexual), meaning male and female reproductive organs are present in separate individuals. Monoecious refers to organisms having both male and female reproductive organs in the same individual.
34 . Assertion: Cockroaches are harmful to humans. Reason: They are vector of several diseases.
Correct Answer: (1) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Cockroaches are harmful to humans because they act as vectors for various bacterial diseases by contaminating food products.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Cockroaches are harmful to humans because they act as vectors for various bacterial diseases by contaminating food products.
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35 . Assertion: If head of cockroach is cut o!, it will still live for as long as one week. Reason: Head contain a bit of a nervous system.
Correct Answer: (1) If both the assertion and the reason are true and the reason is a correct explanation of the assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. A cockroach can live for about a week without its head because its nervous system is decentralized, with ganglia present in each segment of its body. The head contains only a small part of the nervous system, mainly controlling sensory functions and mouthparts. Respiration occurs through spiracles on the body, not the head.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. A cockroach can live for about a week without its head because its nervous system is decentralized, with ganglia present in each segment of its body. The head contains only a small part of the nervous system, mainly controlling sensory functions and mouthparts. Respiration occurs through spiracles on the body, not the head.
5. Most common species of frog found in India is –
Correct Answer: (1) Rana tigrina
Explanation: Rana tigrina, commonly known as the Indian bullfrog, is the most common species of frog found in India. Pheretima posthuma is an earthworm, Periplaneta americana is a cockroach, and Cliona is a sponge.
Explanation: Rana tigrina, commonly known as the Indian bullfrog, is the most common species of frog found in India. Pheretima posthuma is an earthworm, Periplaneta americana is a cockroach, and Cliona is a sponge.
6. Which of the following is incorrect about frog?
Correct Answer: (1) They have constant body temperature
Explanation: Statement (1) is incorrect. Frogs are poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals), meaning their body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of their environment. They do not maintain a constant body temperature. The other statements are generally true for frogs.
Explanation: Statement (1) is incorrect. Frogs are poikilotherms (cold-blooded animals), meaning their body temperature fluctuates with the temperature of their environment. They do not maintain a constant body temperature. The other statements are generally true for frogs.
7. Body of frog is divided into –
Correct Answer: (3) 2 parts, head and trunk
Explanation: The body of an adult frog is divisible into two main parts: the head and the trunk. They do not have a tail in their adult stage (it is present in the tadpole larva).
Explanation: The body of an adult frog is divisible into two main parts: the head and the trunk. They do not have a tail in their adult stage (it is present in the tadpole larva).
8. The alimentary canal of frog is short because –
Correct Answer: (2) frog are carnivorous
Explanation: Frogs are carnivorous, feeding on insects and other small invertebrates. Carnivorous animals generally have a shorter alimentary canal compared to herbivores because meat is easier to digest and requires less processing time than plant matter.
Explanation: Frogs are carnivorous, feeding on insects and other small invertebrates. Carnivorous animals generally have a shorter alimentary canal compared to herbivores because meat is easier to digest and requires less processing time than plant matter.
9. During aestivation and hibernation gaseous exchange takes place by –
Correct Answer: (2) Skin
Explanation: During aestivation (summer sleep) and hibernation (winter sleep), frogs rely primarily on cutaneous respiration (respiration through the skin) because they are inactive and buried in mud or soil, where lung and buccopharyngeal respiration are not feasible. Their moist skin is highly vascularized, allowing for efficient gas exchange.
Explanation: During aestivation (summer sleep) and hibernation (winter sleep), frogs rely primarily on cutaneous respiration (respiration through the skin) because they are inactive and buried in mud or soil, where lung and buccopharyngeal respiration are not feasible. Their moist skin is highly vascularized, allowing for efficient gas exchange.
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10. Organ of touch in frog are called –
Correct Answer: (3) sensory papillae
Explanation: Frogs have various sensory organs. While they have nasal epithelium for smell and tympanum for hearing, the organs of touch are primarily sensory papillae located in the skin.
Explanation: Frogs have various sensory organs. While they have nasal epithelium for smell and tympanum for hearing, the organs of touch are primarily sensory papillae located in the skin.
11. The partially digested food which is passed from stomach to intestine in frog is called –
Correct Answer: (3) Chyme
Explanation: Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. Bolus is the chewed food mixed with saliva before swallowing. Chyle is a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, formed in the small intestine. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver.
Explanation: Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum. Bolus is the chewed food mixed with saliva before swallowing. Chyle is a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, formed in the small intestine. Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver.
12. Which is a correct statement w.r.t. frog –
Correct Answer: (1) Sinus venosus is present on dorsal surface of heart
Explanation: The sinus venosus is a triangular chamber that receives venous blood and is located on the dorsal surface of the frog’s heart, opening into the right atrium. The conus arteriosus arises from the ventral side of the ventricle. Frogs have 10 pairs of cranial nerves and 10 pairs of spinal nerves, not 12 pairs of spinal nerves. The heart rate can vary.
Explanation: The sinus venosus is a triangular chamber that receives venous blood and is located on the dorsal surface of the frog’s heart, opening into the right atrium. The conus arteriosus arises from the ventral side of the ventricle. Frogs have 10 pairs of cranial nerves and 10 pairs of spinal nerves, not 12 pairs of spinal nerves. The heart rate can vary.
13. Which of the following structures is not present in digestive system of frog –
Correct Answer: (4) Caecum
Explanation: The digestive system of a frog includes the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, and cloaca. A caecum (a blind-ended pouch at the junction of the small and large intestines) is typically absent in frogs.
Explanation: The digestive system of a frog includes the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, rectum, and cloaca. A caecum (a blind-ended pouch at the junction of the small and large intestines) is typically absent in frogs.
14. Which is incorrect w.r.t. frog –
Correct Answer: (1) It can live on both land and marine water
Explanation: Statement (1) is incorrect. Frogs are amphibians and can live on both land and freshwater, but they cannot live in marine (salt) water due to osmotic challenges. The other statements are correct: frogs absorb water through their skin and do not drink, they are poikilothermous (cold-blooded), and their hind limbs typically have five digits.
Explanation: Statement (1) is incorrect. Frogs are amphibians and can live on both land and freshwater, but they cannot live in marine (salt) water due to osmotic challenges. The other statements are correct: frogs absorb water through their skin and do not drink, they are poikilothermous (cold-blooded), and their hind limbs typically have five digits.
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15. During hibernation, frog performs –
Correct Answer: (2) Cutaneous respiration only
Explanation: During hibernation (winter sleep) and aestivation (summer sleep), frogs bury themselves in mud. In this state, their metabolic rate is very low, and they rely solely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through the moist skin) for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release.
Explanation: During hibernation (winter sleep) and aestivation (summer sleep), frogs bury themselves in mud. In this state, their metabolic rate is very low, and they rely solely on cutaneous respiration (gas exchange through the moist skin) for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide release.
16. Each eye of frog has –
Correct Answer: (3) Thin, transparent freely movable third eyelid
Explanation: Each eye of a frog is covered by a nictitating membrane, which is a thin, transparent, and freely movable third eyelid. This membrane protects the eye while the frog is underwater. They also have upper and lower eyelids, but the third eyelid is a distinctive feature.
Explanation: Each eye of a frog is covered by a nictitating membrane, which is a thin, transparent, and freely movable third eyelid. This membrane protects the eye while the frog is underwater. They also have upper and lower eyelids, but the third eyelid is a distinctive feature.
17. The main excretory product in adult frog is –
Correct Answer: (3) Urea
Explanation: Adult frogs are ureotelic, meaning their main nitrogenous excretory product is urea. This is an adaptation for terrestrial life, as urea is less toxic than ammonia and requires less water for excretion. Tadpoles, being aquatic, are ammonotelic.
Explanation: Adult frogs are ureotelic, meaning their main nitrogenous excretory product is urea. This is an adaptation for terrestrial life, as urea is less toxic than ammonia and requires less water for excretion. Tadpoles, being aquatic, are ammonotelic.
18. Select the incorrect statement w.r.t. Rana tigrina –
Correct Answer: (3) Hepatic portal system is absent but renal portal system is present
Explanation: Statement (3) is incorrect. Frogs possess both a hepatic portal system (carrying blood from the digestive tract to the liver) and a renal portal system (carrying blood from the posterior body parts to the kidneys). Therefore, the hepatic portal system is *present*, not absent.
Explanation: Statement (3) is incorrect. Frogs possess both a hepatic portal system (carrying blood from the digestive tract to the liver) and a renal portal system (carrying blood from the posterior body parts to the kidneys). Therefore, the hepatic portal system is *present*, not absent.
19. A mature female frog can lay how many ova at a time –
Correct Answer: (2) 2500 – 3000
Explanation: A mature female frog can lay approximately 2500 to 3000 ova at a time during the breeding season.
Explanation: A mature female frog can lay approximately 2500 to 3000 ova at a time during the breeding season.
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20. A fold of peritoneum called mesorchium attaches which structure to the kidneys in frog –
Correct Answer: (1) Testes
Explanation: In male frogs, the testes are attached to the kidneys by a double fold of peritoneum called the mesorchium. In females, the ovaries are attached to the kidneys by the mesovarium.
Explanation: In male frogs, the testes are attached to the kidneys by a double fold of peritoneum called the mesorchium. In females, the ovaries are attached to the kidneys by the mesovarium.
21 . Assertion: Frogs shows hibernation and aestivation Reason: This protect frog from extreme heat and cold respectively.
Correct Answer: (1) B oth A ssertion and R eason are true and R eason is a correct explanation of A ssertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are cold-blooded and cannot regulate their body temperature. To survive extreme environmental conditions (heat in summer, cold in winter), they undergo aestivation and hibernation, respectively, burying themselves in mud to escape these harsh temperatures.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are cold-blooded and cannot regulate their body temperature. To survive extreme environmental conditions (heat in summer, cold in winter), they undergo aestivation and hibernation, respectively, burying themselves in mud to escape these harsh temperatures.
22 . Assertion: Frogs are said to be cold blooded. Reason: Their body temperature varies with the temperature of environment.
Correct Answer: (1) B oth A ssertion and R eason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are cold-blooded (poikilothermous) animals because they cannot regulate their internal body temperature, which instead fluctuates with the ambient environmental temperature.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are cold-blooded (poikilothermous) animals because they cannot regulate their internal body temperature, which instead fluctuates with the ambient environmental temperature.
23 . Assertion: Frog shows sexual dimorphism Reason: Male frog can be distinguished from female by presence of vocal sacs .
Correct Answer: (1) B oth A ssertion and R eason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Sexual dimorphism refers to distinct differences in appearance between males and females of the same species. Male frogs can be distinguished from females by the presence of vocal sacs (for croaking) and a copulatory pad (nuptial pad) on the first digit of the forelimbs, which are absent in females.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Sexual dimorphism refers to distinct differences in appearance between males and females of the same species. Male frogs can be distinguished from females by the presence of vocal sacs (for croaking) and a copulatory pad (nuptial pad) on the first digit of the forelimbs, which are absent in females.
24 . Assertion: Frog maintain ecological balance Reason: Frog serves as important link in flood web and food chain in the ecosystem.
Correct Answer: (1) B oth A ssertion and R eason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. They serve as an important link in food webs and food chains, consuming insects and serving as prey for snakes and birds, thus regulating populations and transferring energy within the ecosystem.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. They serve as an important link in food webs and food chains, consuming insects and serving as prey for snakes and birds, thus regulating populations and transferring energy within the ecosystem.
25 . Assertion: Frogs are beneficial to humans Reason: Frogs eat insect and protect our crops .
Correct Answer: (1) B oth A ssertion and R eason are true and Reason is a correct explanation of Assertion.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are beneficial to humans because they feed on insects, including many agricultural pests, thereby protecting crops and reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
Explanation: Both the assertion and the reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion. Frogs are beneficial to humans because they feed on insects, including many agricultural pests, thereby protecting crops and reducing the need for chemical pesticides.
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